Behaviour & Discipline

BETHANY SCHOOL
A POLICY STATEMENT ON BEHAVIOUR AND DISCIPLINE
(Revised January 2007)

CHILDREN AND PARENTS

Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child. . .(Proverbs 22:15)
 
My son, hear the instruction of your father, and do not forsake the law of your mother. (Proverbs 1: 8)
 
And you, fathers, do not provoke your children to wrath, but bring them up in the training and admonition of the Lord(Ephesians 6: 4)

The Bible commands parents to nurture and admonish their children in the Lord’s ways. Love and correction are the guiding principles for nurture. Accountability for a child’s behaviour rests with the parents. Correction is needed because children are born sinners with a natural tendency to break God’s moral code. Yet, because they are made in God’s image, every child also has a God-given moral sense centred on the conscience. This conscience has the capacity to be developed correctly, or to be dulled and made ineffective. 
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BEHAVIOUR AT HOME

Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. ‘Honour your father and mother’ which is the first commandment with a promise . . . (Ephesians 6: 1-2)

Every home has an unwritten set of family rules or norms that define what is acceptable behaviour and what is unacceptable behaviour for that family. Because we are sinners we do not always observe these rules – parents or children! Breaking the rules may have sanctions that are generally applied in that family. Expectations of children may vary with their age and character, for example, older children will generally be expected to behave more responsibly than younger ones. Because family members know each other so well, allowances may be made for those who are, for example, naturally livelier or noisier. 

Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it(Proverbs 22: 6)

Each family’s set of unwritten rules is unique, emphasising different areas of behaviour. Each family will enforce these norms more, or less, strictly. Even Christian families seeking to apply biblical principles consistently in their family life will do so with significantly different emphases in some areas. 

Children, obey your parents in all things, for this is well pleasing to the Lord. (Colossians 3: 20)

An understanding of Christian nurture must, however, include the theses of sin, justice, grace, forgiveness and punishment within the overall context of love. The bible gives particular emphasis to the role of a father in the home. Children should be taught the habits of willing obedience, discipline, self-respect, and respect for authority and all that tends towards true Christian behaviour. 
 
And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God(Romans 12: 2)
 
Parents also need to try and understand the powerful negative influences in our society which are attractive to children and which adversely direct behaviour and attitudes. They need to help children recognise these dangers and teach them how to deal with them. 

Jesus said: It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God’  (Matthew 4: 4)

Christians believe that God’s way is the normal way. Their behaviour is based on truth, the truth of the bible. Even though society rejects many Christian values and so makes obedient Christians appear to be unusual, as far as God is concerned, Christian behaviour is the norm.

FROM HOME TO SCHOOL

Therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, put on tender mercies, kindness, humility, meekness, long-suffering; bearing with one another, and forgiving one another. If anyone has a complaint against another, even as Christ forgave you, so you also must do. (Colossians 3: 12-13)

When any two families spend time together, differences in their family norms soon become apparent, and accommodation is generally made. When many families join together in a school like Bethany the children will bring to the school many different family norms.
 
There are many other factors, which affect the behaviour of pupils. Events in a school are influenced by a complex mixture of expectations, attitudes and regulations shaped by the forces at work in the home, classroom, and the school, the community and society as a whole. 
 
For the life of the school to be run decently and in order the Governors must establish a set of agreed school norms and sanctions to influence and control behaviour in the school. Because the school is larger than a family and because its membership is always changing over the years these norms need to be written down. For the school to function effectively and in a God-honouring way these norms need to be supported by teachers, parents and children. This is especially true in a school like Bethany where many parents are often in the school, and some are involved regularly in teaching, sometimes without long experience of classroom discipline. 

BEHAVIOUR AT BETHANY – PRINCIPLES

All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness,that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work. (2 Timothy 3: 16-17)

Flee also youthful lusts; but pursue righteousness, faith, love, peace with those who call on the Lord out of a pure heart. (2 Timothy 2: 22)

The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the Holy One is understanding. (Proverbs 9:10)

The principles which shape the behaviour of pupils within a Christian school must convey the truth about God and the way in which he wants individuals to behave personally and in community. They should reflect that God has all authority, is righteous, just, merciful, gracious, loving, slow to anger and his commandments are not harsh, but for our blessing. They must recognise that every child is a gift from God and belongs to God. The principles include:
 
  • Establishing an understanding of God’s nature, his absolute justice and goodness;
  • Developing a child’s conscience and ability to discern right from wrong in order to make correct (biblical) moral choices;
  • Encouraging a respect for authority;
  • Nurturing self-discipline in each child;
  • Teaching each child how to form and maintain godly relationships;
  • Teaching godly principles of responsible community living;
  • Showing that God’s justice demands ‘zero tolerance’: he can have no part of sin – any sin! His holiness, purity and sovereign, just decrees demand that all sin be punished. God never leaves any sin unpunished.
  • Showing also that God’s mercy and grace reveal the vast extent of his love. Through the Lord Jesus Christ God has provided a means for us to escape his anger at our sin. God’s justice is satisfied when He substitutes Jesus for us and punishes Him instead. 
  • Showing that the Old and New Testament provide all the instruction needed to understand how we can live in a way that pleases God. The Holy Spirit is active in revealing biblical truth and illuminating our minds to God’s patterns and principles, which should govern every aspect of our lives. We can know what God considers to be normal, and aim to comply even though the world, the flesh and the Devil conspire to deflect us. 
  • Demonstrating Christ-likeness – intolerant of sin but having compassion for those who continually fail. We must make it possible for them to succeed. We must be long-suffering, gentle and kind. However, also like Him, we must be intolerant of those who wilfully disobey. Those who will not behave in a normal way will eventually corrupt the norms. This is unjust and cannot be allowed.

BEHAVIOUR AT BETHANY – RULES AND NORMS

For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly in the present age. (Titus 2: 11-12)

Finally, brethren, whatever things are true, whatever things are noble, whatever things are just, whatever things are pure, whatever thingsare lovely, whatever things are of good report, if there is any virtue and if there is anything praiseworthy – meditate on these things. (Philippians 4: 8)

There are a number of specific rules with which Bethany pupils must comply. These are amended from time to time and publicised in the school. They are generally there for common sense or health and safety reasons and are clear and non-negotiable. 
 
However, the following set of norms are much more general and wide reaching. They are fundamental to the sort of nurture that we want Bethany to give its children. They are also non-negotiable, and we aim to apply them in a way, which is both sensitive and equitable. 

Quiet, gentle and calm

Words of the wise, spoken quietly, should be heard rather than the shout of a ruler of fools. ( Ecclesiastes 9: 17)
 
The tongue of the wise uses knowledge rightly, but the mouth of fools pours forth foolishness. (Proverbs 15: 2)
 
Let your gentleness be known to all men. The Lord is at hand.
(Philippians 4: 5)
 
  • Inside the building we should be quiet, gentle and calm.
  • At times there will be no talking (on the stairs, during lessons).
  • Settling down at the start of the day and at the start (or end) of any activity (prayers, lessons, lunch) should be automatic.
  • Children should become quiet, looking for the start of the lesson when teachers enter a room. The teacher should acknowledge this response. A teacher or parent should not have to struggle to get any group to settle down before a lesson begins. 
  • There will be times when conversation is encouraged and the adult who is in charge will announce these.
  • Movement around the school must not be rowdy.

Politeness, good manners and truth

Let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak . . . (James 1: 19)

Avoid foolish and ignorant disputes, knowing that they generate strife.
(2 Timothy 2: 23)

  • A high degree of politeness is expected: for example, speaking to adults- using their names, with a tone, manner and demeanour which shows respect. Deceit, arguing and off-hand comments are disrespectful. ‘Please’ and ‘thank you’ can never be worn out. Pupils should be polite to one another. 
  • Movement around school, eating, drinking, use of language in social situations, should be orderly and pleasant. ‘Street culture’ or television culture (e.g., swearing, aggression, sexual innuendo, loutishness) is not our norm. Facial expressions, tone of voice and gestures should not be harsh, rude or cruel.


He who speaks truth declares righteousness, but a false witness, deceit.
(Proverbs 12: 17)
 
  • Children are expected to tell the truth.

Preparation, work and rest

And let us not grow weary while doing good, for in due season we shall reap if we do not lose heart. (Galatians 6: 9)
 
. . . the soul of the diligent shall be made rich. (Proverbs 13: 4)

  • Children should have all the equipment and work needed for each lesson.
  • Children should have a teachable spirit enhanced by determined effort, a conscientious approach and a desire for improvement.
  • Homework should be done on time and to an appropriate standard.
  • Play should be a wholesome activity, good clean fun that is not at the expense of others -sports, crafts, games, reading, conversation. Younger children should be influenced for good.

Tidiness, damage and wastefulness

Let all things be done decently and in order. (1 Corinthians 14: 40)

  • Children should keep desks tidy and orderly.
  • Litter and waste should be placed correctly in the waste bins.
  • Deliberate or careless damage to property is unacceptable.
  • Deliberate or careless damage to or misuse or waste of materials or equipment is unacceptable.
 


Willingly conforming

But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits. . . (James 3: 17)

Do all things without complaining and disputing, that you may become blameless and harmless, children of God without fault in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world. (Philippians 2: 14-15)

  • Children should want to conform because it is right.
  • Children should desire success in this and be disappointed with their failure to conform.
  • Obedience to legitimate authority, rightly exercised, should be without challenge, without delay and without excuse.

THE RIGHT ENVIRONMENT FOR GOOD BEHAVIOUR

Bethany School culture
 
Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven. (Matthew 5: 16)

But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisy. (James 3: 17)

  • The creation of a positive atmosphere based upon shared Christian values.
  •  A consensus about standards of behaviour among governors, staff, parents and pupils.
  • The importance of setting a good personal example.
  • Continuing communication about standards, including practical examples.
  • A recognition of good behaviour and action against bad behaviour. 
  • A curriculum which reinforces the school’s code of conduct.
  • Effective monitoring and supervision of non-classroom activities.
  • All members of the school community being respected and valued. 
  • A structure and order to the pattern of the school day. 
  • A pleasant, positive, encouraging, stimulating and motivating environment.
  • An understanding of and respect for authority. 
  • A restriction on access to negative anti-social images and a recognition of the effect of media, cultural and peer influences on attitudes and behaviour. 

Classroom management

. . . but be doers of the word, and not hearers only . . . (James 1: 22)

This component relates most directly to pupil behaviour. To learn well children need a calm and purposeful classroom atmosphere. Teachers must be able to keep order otherwise children in their charge will suffer. A teacher needs to be fully effective in the areas of knowledge of the subjects to be taught and the ability to plan, deliver and evaluate a lesson. Well-organised and delivered lessons help secure good standards in behaviour.
 
Good practice for teachers should include:
  • Knowing pupils as individuals and being sensitive to the changes that occur as children grow up. 
  • Realistically planning, organising and delivering lessons (i.e., furniture, pupil groups, matching work to ability, pace of lesson, enthusiasm, use of humour).
  • Being flexible in order to take advantage of unexpected events.
  • Continually observing the behaviour of the class. 
  • Being aware of and controlling their own behaviour, including stance, demeanour and tone of voice.
  • Modelling the standards of courtesy expected.
  • Emphasising the positive, and expecting high standards.
  • Giving praise for good work and behaviour, being firm rather than aggressive with reprimands.
  • Targeting the right pupil for discipline, criticising the behaviour, not the person.
  • Avoiding sarcasm, idle threats and whole group punishments; never humiliating a pupil.

WORKING WITH CHILDREN AND FAMILIES

Bear one another’s burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ.
(Galatians 6: 2)

This is an area where the family, the church and Bethany School have a common aim – to see each child come to true, saving faith in God. Parents, church leaders and teachers seek to work together by prayer and action as guided by the Holy Spirit, to encourage the spiritual development of our children. Parents have an essential role to play by sharing insight and information. 
 
In the school, pastoral care will involve:
  • General oversight in school, including monitoring academic progress, attendance, punctuality, etc.
  • Teachers providing time for reinforcing spiritual and moral values, good attitudes and a sense of community and direction. They should prayerfully seek to foster an understanding of the spiritual condition of their pupils and develop awareness of their spiritual needs.
  • Teachers developing genuine relationships with the children enabling them to get a better overview of a child’s spiritual, personal and academic development. A child’s gifts should be recognised and plans formulated for the exercise and development of particular strengths. Prayer and strategies to enable children to overcome weaknesses is also part of pastoral care.
  • If a child feels a teacher has unfairly treated them they should ask their parents to discuss this with the teacher. If the parent is still unhappy they should speak with the Head Teacher.
  •  Where appropriate, and at the request of he Head Teacher, governors will seek to work with parents and children to address unacceptable behaviour.
  • Providing opportunities for each child to feel valued by the school and for each child to make their unique contribution to the life of the school.
  • Impartially dealing with all acts of unrighteousness. Everyone is under God’s authority – parents, teachers and children.
  • Modelling as Christians a more excellent way before a watching world.

REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS

Therefore submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord’s sake, whether to the king as supreme, or to governors, as to those who are sent by him for the punishment of evildoers and for the praise of those who do good. (1 Peter 2: 13-14 )

Rewards

I press towards the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus.   (Philippians 3: 14)
 
Do you not know that those who run in a race all run, but one receives the prize? Run in such a way that you may obtain it.
(1 Corinthians 9: 24)

Jesus said: . . . your Father who sees in secret will Himself reward you openly. (Matthew 6: 4)
 
Rewards are the most powerful means of changing long term behaviour. Punitive regimes appear to be associated with worse, rather than better, standards of behaviour though this does not mean that punishments are not necessary. Rewards tell you what to do, creating a positive response. God’s dealings with his people demonstrate that obedience brings blessing and disobedience is folly.

Rewards should:
  • Encourage children who want to behave well. 
  • Reinforce an atmosphere of acceptance.
  • Help the children feel secure and valued.
  • Draw attention to positive behaviour and values.
  • Be something desirable (i.e., not embarrassing).
  • Be accessible to all children.
 
Rewards could be:
  • Eye contact and a smile.
  • Signal between child and teacher.
  • Verbal praise (including private praise).
  • Positive, written feedback.
  • Displaying work (including good work assembly).
  • Time of favourite activity.
  • Free choice of activity (end of day/term).
  • Stickers, stars, team points.
  • Positive report sheet to parents.
  • Sending work to show other teachers/Headteacher.

Punishments

The rod and rebuke give wisdom, but a child left to himself brings shame to his mother. ( Proverbs 29:15)

My son, do not despise the chastening of the Lord, nor detest his correction, for whom the Lord loves he corrects, just as a father the son in whom he delights. ( Proverbs 3: 11-12)

Now no chastening seems to be joyful for the present, but painful; nevertheless, afterwards it yields the peaceable fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it. ( Hebrews 12: 11)

Punishments will be used to deal with the breaking of specific rules. They will also be used to deal with pupils who habitually fail to behave in school in accordance with the agreed school norms. Remembering that accountability for a child’s behaviour rests with the parents, teachers will seek to involve parents in disciplinary situations wherever appropriate. Bethany will expect the support of parents in upholding the rules and norms of the school. In assessing the appropriate level of punishment, teachers and governors will take into account the effect of the child’s behaviour on the overall well being of the school and all its pupils. Habitual wilful disobedience in relatively minor matters will be treated as a serious disciplinary matter and may result in the withdrawal of a place at Bethany. 
 
Punishments should:
  • Establish a sense of God’s justice.
  • Convey respect for God’s law.
  • Promote righteousness and truth by being fair and consistently applied.
  • Contain a warning.
  • Deter bad behaviour.
  • Be a means of correction.
  • Be published in an agreed hierarchy.
 
Punishments may include:
  • A gesture, movement or facial expression.
  • A verbal reprimand.
  • Withholding privileges (including loss of team points, break/lunchtime detention.
  • Extra work/duties.
  • *After school detention.
  • *Behaviour report sheet.
  • *Personal Behaviour Book.
  • *Head Teacher’s punishment book.
  • *One week exclusion and contract.
  • *Governors warning.
  • *Permanent withdrawal of a place at Bethany.
 
Note 1: * indicates that parents will be informed or involved.
 
Note 2: where appropriate, and at the request of the Head Teacher, governors will seek to work with parents and children to address unacceptable behaviour at any stage of this process.
 
Note 3 In order to comply with current law, corporal discipline is not used in Bethany School.
 

Issues surrounding corporal discipline
The subject of whether or not to use physical measures in the discipline process is an area of contention even among Christians. Groups committed to legislating to ‘End Physical Punishment of Children’ (EPOCH), supported by child welfare organisations and several European countries and the intense media interest in the subject means that it has become necessary for Christians to ‘grasp the nettle’ and give an account for their beliefs and actions. 
 
It would be naïve for parents to feel too secure in their legally protected right to use corporal punishment. The legal backing can be withdrawn as it has been in independent schools and in Europe. The public debate will continue with or without a contribution from Christians. The challenge of facing the issue may be placed upon us by events in our school but soon we may have to defend our policy in a wider arena.
 
The biblical mandate for the use of corporal punishment is taken from such verses as: “Do not withhold correction from a child. For if you beat him with a rod, he will not die. You shall beat him with a rod, and deliver his soul from hell” (Proverbs 23: 13-14).
 
Misinterpretation and misuse of these verses have been used to justify legalistic, harsh, excessive, unreasonable and unjust forms of punishment. Terms such as humiliation, hitting, beating, violence and abuse have been used to describe such practices. It is associated by many with a denial of rights, injustice and with uncreative, even harmful child rearing policies. Our aim is not merely to reassert biblical truth without explanation but to set in place biblical guidelines in a context, which will minimise wrong interpretation and abuse.
 
The book of Proverbs provides an insight into family life as God would have it. Its purpose is to guide a new generation to choose the way of wisdom rather than folly. The use of the term ‘rod’ clearly refers to physical punishment but throughout the Proverbs and the rest of scripture the context is set for its correct use.
 
This context for use of physical punishment would be seen as:
  • The provision of a secure and happy home (Proverbs 4: 3-4).
  • The love, counsel and teaching of a father (Proverbs 2: 1, 23: 15) and the constant address to a son.
  • The responsibility of parents (Proverbs 23: 23-25).
  • A necessary measure taken for long term benefits (Proverbs 4:10, 6: 32, 23: 14). The provision of discipline and training and a means of bringing understanding (Proverbs 22: 6, 29: 17, 13: 24, 19: 18, 23:13-14). 
  • An action administered not by superior beings but by those who know what it is to be submitted to authority themselves (Proverbs 4: 1-4).
  • Not intended to be of the type or force to cause harm – physical or psychological (Proverbs 23:14). The experience of pain or sorrow does not constitute harm but can be productive (Hebrews 12: 11). 
  •  Not a replacement for instruction, explanation or an impatient reaction. 
  • One type of sanction. Others include experience of direct consequence of wrongdoing, reproof, anger, warning (Proverbs 6: 6-19, 15: 19, 22: 8, 14: 12). 
  • An assistance in directing the will (Proverbs 26: 3).
  •  A means of prompt discipline to convey consequences which otherwise would not be understood (Proverbs 13: 24).
  • A reflection of the manner in which God would use chastisement (Proverbs 3: 12).
 
In Proverbs violence is not associated with any of the means of training the will, but with the consequences of the failure to do so.
 
Those who argue against corporal punishment also want effective moral education and recognise the need for discipline. Although in schools most incidents of misbehaviour are repeated incidents of minor misdemeanours and not the serious, acute type, it cannot be ignored that less than a decade after the banning of corporal punishment, murders of children by children, fatal attacks on teachers and incidents of serious disruption were regularly being reported. How to replace corporal punishment has not been satisfactorily resolved and although some initiatives have made positive contributions, the use of contracts, curfews and assertive discipline have not generally improved matters.
 
The use of corporal punishment can be a positive experience when used correctly. An approach based on biblical principles would include moderate use with children under 12, when there is the element of training and less often after that age when usually specific issues are involved. Corporal punishment is likely to be ineffective with older children if appropriate and effective discipline has not been established earlier. With younger children, punishment should come as soon as possible after the offence.
 
When could corporal discipline be used?
  • Use rather than other methods, which convey greater negative messages, e.g. withholding affection, which can be emotionally damaging, sarcasm, which destroys self-esteem, or extreme verbal abuse.
  • Use when there is a clear recognition of the just nature of the punishment. There should be no sense of a child being taken advantage of by someone bigger and more powerful.
  • Use when there is an understanding that the smack will not be a beating. The difference is not one of force but of attitude. Punishment should be appropriate to the child and for the child’s sake, not to relieve the frustrations of the adults. It is important to judge that the pain caused produces a sense of regret but is not harmful in any way.
  • Warmth and forgiveness should be clearly conveyed after the event. Relationships should be restored and a new start made.
 
However imperfect our best human efforts may be to fulfil God’s instructions regarding corporal discipline we do need to face the issues and the moral consequences of not doing it at all. If we do believe we have a mandate to use corporal punishment then at times we may be called upon to demonstrate its sensitive and effective use and give an explanation for its value.
 
END